People with skin cancer may not experience any symptoms in the early stages, which can make it difficult to diagnose and treat. However, being aware of the initial signs of the disease can help you take steps to protect yourself and seek treatment early. Most skin cancer starts in the outer layer of the skin known as the epidermis, and is often caused by too much sun exposure.
Skin cancer is a malignant disease that can take many forms and appearances, depending on the type and stage of the cancer. Therefore, early signs should be recognized for effective diagnosis and treatment. We will discuss below the types of skin cancer, their initial appearances, and how to differentiate them from benign conditions.
Skin Cancer Types
1. Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC):
Most BCCs present as a pearly or waxy bump and a flat, flesh-colored, or brown scar-like lesion. It may also appear as a pinkish patch of skin that persists and can bleed easily.
2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC):
SCC generally develops as a firm, red nodule or even a flat lesion with a scaly, crusted surface. It may develop a sore or a wart-like growth, that doesn’t heal.
3. Melanoma:
Melanoma may appear as a new mole or may present in an existing mole that is constantly changing in size, shape, or color. The ABCDE rule clearly explains the asymmetry, border irregularity, color variation, diameter > 6 mm, and evolution that present to pinpoint suspicious moles for melanoma.
Signs and Symptoms
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
BCCs typically occur on sun-exposed areas; this includes areas on the face and neck. The common appearance features:
- A shiny or pearly bump
- A pinkish patch of skin
- A scar-like lesion that is yellow, white, or waxy
BCC rarely metastasizes but has a robust tendency to cause local destruction in case of non-treatment.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
SCC commonly develops in sun-exposed areas, which include areas on the face, ears, and hands. These are the notable signs:
- A scaly red patch that fails to heal
- A hard, red nodule
- A sore that does not heal or heals and then re-opens
SCC can metastasize if left untreated.
Melanoma
Melanoma can occur anywhere on the body, including places that are not exposed to the sun. The following are the possible signs of melanoma:
- A mole that changes its size, shape, or color
- A new mole that appears and then grows rapidly
- A mole that is asymmetrical, has irregular borders, or uneven color distribution
Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer; it is the type that spreads to other parts of the body.
Identifying Early Symptoms
Early identification of skin cancer is important for its treatment. The major things that one should look out for are:
1. Change in Moles: Check moles for size, shape, color, or texture changes. The ABCDE rule helps in checking these factors.
2. Persistent Skin Changes: Check any lumps, spots, or sores that do not appear to heal after a few weeks.
3. New Growths: Be aware of new moles or growths coming up on your skin—especially if they suddenly start growing.
4. Itching or Bleeding: Moles or growths that itch, bleed, or crust over should be checked.
5. Symptoms on Sun-Exposed Areas: Skin cancers often appear on sun-exposed areas but can develop anywhere on the body.
When to See a Doctor
If you notice any suspicious skin changes or have a history of skin cancer in your blood relatives, you should see a dermatologist. Significant improvements in treatment outcomes occur with early detection. To confirm the diagnosis, your doctor may perform a skin biopsy or screening.
Skin Cancer Screening
Skin cancer screening is a clinical examination of your skin for any suspicious growths or changes that could indicate skin cancer. It typically consists of some health professional, probably a dermatologist, examining your skin carefully. Screening is crucial as early detection can immensely improve outcomes for the majority of skin cancers. It is recommended that you develop a monthly self-skin examination and visit a dermatologist if you notice anything that may worry you.
Prevention and Screening
Reducing exposure to UV radiation is what prevents skin cancer. Some of the tips for preventing skin cancer include:
- Sun Protection: Use sunscreen with a minimum SPF of 30, wear protective clothing, and seek shade, especially during peak sun hours.
- Regular Skin Checks: Ensure you have routine self-examinations and follow-up skin examinations with a dermatologist regularly, especially for those with risk factors.
- Avoid Tanning Beds: Quite clearly, indoor tanning is greatly associated with an increased rate of possible skin cancer.
The Bottom Line
Skin cancer can range from benign-appearing moles to growths and suspicious lesions. The first steps in treating skin cancer include early detection of symptoms and seeking medical advice. Individuals can care for their skin by learning about the forms of skin cancer, how they first begin to appear, and the importance of regular skin cancer screening.
